Training Modules

📘 Ash Handling Plant Fundamentals

📘 Bottom Ash Handling System

AHP-02-01 — Bottom Ash Handling System - Layout and Process Flow

AHP-02-02 — Bottom Ash Hopper - Construction, Functioning and Maintenance

AHP-02-03 — Clinker Grinder - Construction, Operation & Maintenance

AHP-02-04 — Bottom Ash Extraction and Conveying System

AHP-02-05 — Bottom Ash System Operation and Monitoring

AHP-02-06 — Bottom Ash System Abnormalities, Troubleshooting & Maintenance

📘 Fly Ash Collection & Pneumatic Conveying

AHP-03-01 — Fly Ash Collection and Pneumatic Conveying - System Overview

AHP-03-02 — Pneumatic Ash Conveying - Principle and Functioning

AHP-03-03 — Ash Conveying Vessel - Construction, Operation & Maintenance

AHP-03-04 — Conveying Air, Pipelines and Ash Handling Valves

AHP-03-05 — Fly Ash Conveying Sequence, Operation and Monitoring

AHP-03-06 — Pneumatic Conveying Troubleshooting and Maintenance

📘 ESP Interface and Hopper Ash Handling

AHP-04-01 — ESP Working Principle and AHP Interface

AHP-04-02 — ESP Hopper - Construction, Ash Collection and Operation

AHP-04-03 — Hopper Heating, Insulation and Ash Flow Management

AHP-04-04 — Hopper Discharge Valves and Evacuation Equipment

AHP-04-05 — ESP Hopper Evacuation - Operation and Monitoring

AHP-04-06 — ESP Hopper Problems, Troubleshooting and Maintenance

📘 Ash Silo, Storage & Disposal System

AHP-05-01 — Ash Silo - Construction, Arrangement and Functioning

AHP-05-02 — Silo Ash Receiving, Distribution and Level Monitoring

AHP-05-03 — Dry Ash Unloading System - Operation & Maintenance

AHP-05-04 — Wet Ash Unloading and Ash Conditioning System

AHP-05-05 — Silo Venting, Dust Control and Environmental Management

AHP-05-06 — Ash Silo Operation, Troubleshooting and Maintenance

📘 Ash Slurry and Wet Disposal System

AHP-06-01 — Ash Slurry System - Layout and Process Flow

AHP-06-02 — Ash-Water Mixing and Slurry Preparation

AHP-06-03 — Ash Slurry Pumps - Construction, Operation & Maintenance

AHP-06-04 — Slurry Pipelines, Valves and Flushing System

AHP-06-05 — Ash Pond Disposal and Water Recovery System

AHP-06-06 — Wet Ash Disposal Troubleshooting and Maintenance

📘 AHP Pumps, Compressors, Valves & Auxiliaries

AHP-07-01 — AHP Pumps - Construction, Operation & Maintenance

AHP-07-02 — Compressors and Blowers - Construction, Operation & Maintenance

AHP-07-03 — AHP Valves, Gates and Isolation Devices

AHP-07-04 — AHP Piping, Expansion Joints and Wear Components

AHP-07-05 — Bearings, Lubrication, Seals and Couplings

AHP-07-06 — AHP Auxiliary Equipment Inspection and Preventive Maintenance

📘 AHP Operation, Maintenance & Troubleshooting

AHP-08-01 — AHP Startup, Shutdown and Normal Operation

AHP-08-02 — AHP Operational Monitoring and Field Checks

AHP-08-03 — Ash Choking, Bridging and Flow Problems

AHP-08-04 — AHP Equipment Troubleshooting and Fault Diagnosis

AHP-08-05 — Preventive and Condition-Based Maintenance of AHP

AHP-08-06 — Wear, Erosion, Corrosion and Leakage Inspection

AHP-08-07 — AHP Equipment Isolation, Maintenance Handover and Restoration

AHP-08-08 — AHP Safety, Housekeeping and Environmental Compliance

📘 Boiler Fundamentals

BOIL-01-01 — Introduction to Boiler in Thermal Power Plant

BOIL-01-02 — Basic Principle of Steam Generation

BOIL-01-03 — Classification and Types of Boilers

BOIL-01-04 — Overview of Pulverized Coal-Fired Boiler

BOIL-01-05 — Major Components of a Utility Boiler

BOIL-01-06 — Boiler Pressure Parts - Overview

BOIL-01-07 — Water-Steam Flow Path through Boiler

BOIL-01-08 — Air and Flue Gas Flow Path - Overview

BOIL-01-09 — Fuel Flow Path - Overview

BOIL-01-10 — Subcritical and Supercritical Boilers

BOIL-01-11 — Boiler Design and Operating Parameters

BOIL-01-12 — Boiler-Turbine-Generator Relationship

📘 Fuel & Combustion System

BOIL-02-01 — Introduction to Boiler Fuel and Combustion System

BOIL-02-02 — Coal Properties Relevant to Boiler Combustion

BOIL-02-03 — Fuel Handling Interface to Boiler

BOIL-02-04 — Fundamentals of Combustion

BOIL-02-05 — Pulverized Fuel Firing System

BOIL-02-06 — Coal Mills / Pulverizers - Overview

BOIL-02-07 — Coal Bunkers and Raw Coal Feeders

BOIL-02-08 — Burners and Furnace Firing Arrangement

BOIL-02-09 — Fuel Oil and Ignition System

BOIL-02-10 — Combustion Air Requirement and Excess Air

BOIL-02-11 — Flame Stability and Combustion Monitoring

BOIL-02-12 — Combustion Losses and Unburnt Carbon

BOIL-02-13 — Common Combustion Problems and Corrective Actions

📘 Air & Flue Gas System

BOIL-03-01 — Introduction to Air and Flue Gas System

BOIL-03-02 — Combustion Air Flow Path

BOIL-03-03 — Flue Gas Flow Path

BOIL-03-04 — Draft System Fundamentals

BOIL-03-05 — Forced Draft Fan (FD Fan)

BOIL-03-06 — Induced Draft Fan (ID Fan)

BOIL-03-07 — Primary Air Fan (PA Fan)

BOIL-03-08 — Air Preheater (APH)

BOIL-03-09 — Furnace Pressure and Draft Control

BOIL-03-10 — Dampers and Air-Gas Flow Control

BOIL-03-11 — Secondary Air System

BOIL-03-12 — Air Leakage and Its Effect on Boiler Performance

BOIL-03-13 — Common Air and Flue Gas System Abnormalities

BOIL-03-14 — Air and Flue Gas System Operational Checks

📘 Boiler Pressure Parts & Steam-Water Circuit

BOIL-04-01 — Introduction to Boiler Pressure Parts

BOIL-04-02 — Water Walls and Furnace Tubes

BOIL-04-03 — Boiler Drum: Construction and Function

BOIL-04-04 — Downcomers and Risers

BOIL-04-05 — Natural and Assisted Circulation

BOIL-04-06 — Superheaters: Types and Arrangement

BOIL-04-07 — Reheaters: Types and Arrangement

BOIL-04-08 — Economizer: Construction and Operation

BOIL-04-09 — Steam-Water Circuit through Boiler

BOIL-04-10 — Steam Temperature Control and Attemperation

BOIL-04-11 — Pressure-Part Materials and Metallurgy Basics

BOIL-04-12 — Tube Failure Mechanisms and Common Causes

BOIL-04-13 — Pressure-Part Inspection and Maintenance

BOIL-04-14 — Boiler Pressure-Part Operational Checks

📘 Boiler Auxiliaries

BOIL-05-01 — Introduction to Boiler Auxiliaries

BOIL-05-02 — Soot Blowing System

BOIL-05-03 — Flame Scanner and Scanner Air System

BOIL-05-04 — Seal Air System

BOIL-05-05 — Boiler Drains and Vents

BOIL-05-06 — Auxiliary Steam System

BOIL-05-07 — Boiler Blowdown System

BOIL-05-08 — Boiler Sampling System

BOIL-05-09 — Boiler Chemical Dosing Interface

BOIL-05-10 — Furnace and Boiler Expansion System

BOIL-05-11 — Boiler Safety Valves - Overview

BOIL-05-12 — Boiler Auxiliary Pumps and Small Drives

BOIL-05-13 — Boiler Auxiliary Instrument Air Requirements

BOIL-05-14 — Common Boiler Auxiliary Abnormalities

BOIL-05-15 — Boiler Auxiliary Operational Checks

📘 Boiler Operation

BOIL-06-01 — Introduction to Boiler Operation

BOIL-06-02 — Boiler Pre-Startup Checks

BOIL-06-03 — Boiler Purging and Furnace Preparation

BOIL-06-04 — Boiler Light-Up Procedure

BOIL-06-05 — Cold Startup of Boiler

BOIL-06-06 — Warm and Hot Startup of Boiler

BOIL-06-07 — Pressure Raising and Steam Line Warming

BOIL-06-08 — Boiler Loading and Load Increase

BOIL-06-09 — Normal Boiler Operation and Monitoring

BOIL-06-10 — Boiler Load Reduction

BOIL-06-11 — Normal Boiler Shutdown

BOIL-06-12 — Emergency Boiler Shutdown / Trip

BOIL-06-13 — Boiler Operation during Mill or Fan Trip

BOIL-06-14 — Drum-Level Control during Transients

BOIL-06-15 — Steam Temperature Management during Operation

BOIL-06-16 — Boiler Operation at Low Load

BOIL-06-17 — Boiler Operational Abnormalities and Operator Response

BOIL-06-18 — Boiler Startup/Shutdown Log and Operational Discipline

📘 Boiler Maintenance & Inspection

BOIL-07-01 — Introduction to Boiler Maintenance

BOIL-07-02 — Boiler Inspection Planning and Preparation

BOIL-07-03 — Boiler Pressure-Part Inspection

BOIL-07-04 — Boiler Tube Failure Mechanisms

BOIL-07-05 — Boiler Tube Leak Detection and Failure Analysis

BOIL-07-06 — Erosion and Corrosion of Boiler Components

BOIL-07-07 — Boiler Tube Repair and Replacement

BOIL-07-08 — Boiler Welding and Heat Treatment Basics

BOIL-07-09 — Boiler Drum Inspection

BOIL-07-10 — Burner and Fuel-Firing Equipment Maintenance

BOIL-07-11 — Soot Blower Maintenance

BOIL-07-12 — Air Preheater Inspection and Maintenance

BOIL-07-13 — Boiler Fan, Damper and Duct Inspection

BOIL-07-14 — Refractory and Insulation Maintenance

BOIL-07-15 — Boiler Supports, Hangers and Expansion Inspection

BOIL-07-16 — Hydrostatic Test of Boiler Pressure Parts

BOIL-07-17 — Boiler Shutdown Inspection and Overhauling

BOIL-07-18 — Post-Maintenance Checks and Boiler Readiness

📘 Boiler Safety, Statutory Inspection & Compliance

BOIL-08-01 — Introduction to Boiler Safety

BOIL-08-02 — Boiler Hazards and Risk Identification

BOIL-08-03 — Boiler Safety Devices - Overview

BOIL-08-04 — Safety Valves - Inspection and Requirements

BOIL-08-05 — Boiler Isolation and Safe Maintenance Preparation

BOIL-08-06 — Permit-to-Work and LOTO for Boiler Maintenance

BOIL-08-07 — Confined-Space Safety in Boiler and Furnace

BOIL-08-08 — Working at Height and Boiler Scaffolding Safety

BOIL-08-09 — Boiler Hydro-Test Safety Requirements

BOIL-08-10 — Boiler Statutory Inspection - Overview

BOIL-08-11 — Boiler Inspection Documentation and Records

BOIL-08-12 — Boiler Repair and Alteration Compliance

BOIL-08-13 — Welding Documentation and Material Traceability

BOIL-08-14 — NDT Requirements for Boiler Pressure Parts

BOIL-08-15 — Boiler Accident and Incident Reporting

BOIL-08-16 — Statutory Inspection Readiness and Checklist

BOIL-08-17 — Boiler Certification and Return-to-Service Requirements

BOIL-08-18 — Safety and Compliance Responsibilities of Boiler Personnel

📘 Balance of Plant Fundamentals

BOP-01-01 — Balance of Plant - Scope, Purpose and System Overview

BOP-01-02 — BOP System Interfaces with Main Plant

BOP-01-03 — Major BOP Equipment, Pumps, Tanks and Piping

BOP-01-04 — BOP Operating Parameters and Field Monitoring

BOP-01-05 — BOP Isolation, Maintenance and Restoration Practices

BOP-01-06 — BOP Safety, Housekeeping and O&M Coordination

📘 Cooling Water & Cooling Tower System

BOP-02-01 — Cooling Water and Cooling Tower System - Layout & Flow Path

BOP-02-02 — Cooling Tower - Construction, Functioning, Operation & Maintenance

BOP-02-03 — Circulating Water Pumps - Construction, Operation & Maintenance

BOP-02-04 — CW Piping, Valves, Screens and Distribution System

BOP-02-05 — Cooling Water System Operation and Monitoring

BOP-02-06 — Cooling Water System Troubleshooting and Maintenance

📘 Raw Water, Intake & Make-Up Water System

BOP-03-01 — Raw Water Source, Intake and System Layout

BOP-03-02 — Intake Structure, Screens and Trash Removal System

BOP-03-03 — Raw Water Pumps - Construction, Operation & Maintenance

BOP-03-04 — Raw Water Storage and Make-Up Water Distribution

BOP-03-05 — Raw Water System Operation and Monitoring

BOP-03-06 — Raw Water System Troubleshooting and Maintenance

📘 Water Treatment & DM Plant

BOP-04-01 — Water Treatment and DM Plant - Process Overview

BOP-04-02 — Pretreatment, Clarification and Filtration System

BOP-04-03 — Demineralization Process and Major Equipment

BOP-04-04 — Regeneration and Chemical Handling System

BOP-04-05 — DM Water Storage, Transfer and Distribution

BOP-04-06 — DM Plant Operation, Maintenance and Troubleshooting

📘 Compressed Air System

BOP-05-01 — Compressed Air System - Layout, Services and Distribution

BOP-05-02 — Air Compressors - Construction, Operation & Maintenance

BOP-05-03 — Air Dryers, Receivers, Filters and Moisture Removal

BOP-05-04 — Service Air and Instrument Air Distribution

BOP-05-05 — Compressed Air System Operation and Monitoring

BOP-05-06 — Compressed Air System Troubleshooting and Maintenance

📘 Fire Water & Fire Fighting System

BOP-06-01 — Fire Water System - Layout, Storage and Distribution

BOP-06-02 — Fire Water Pumps - Construction, Operation & Maintenance

BOP-06-03 — Hydrant, Monitor and Hose-Reel Systems

BOP-06-04 — Sprinkler, Deluge and Fixed Fire Protection Systems

BOP-06-05 — Fire Fighting System Operation, Testing and Readiness

BOP-06-06 — Fire Water System Troubleshooting and Maintenance

📘 Service Water, Potable Water & Utility Systems

BOP-07-01 — Service Water System - Layout, Users and Distribution

BOP-07-02 — Service Water Pumps - Operation & Maintenance

BOP-07-03 — Potable Water Treatment, Storage and Distribution

BOP-07-04 — Utility Water Piping, Valves and Storage Systems

BOP-07-05 — Utility Water System Operation and Monitoring

BOP-07-06 — Utility Water System Troubleshooting and Maintenance

📘 HVAC, Ventilation & Building Utility Systems

BOP-08-01 — HVAC and Ventilation System - Overview and Layout

BOP-08-02 — AHU, Fans, Filters and Air Distribution System

BOP-08-03 — Cooling and Chilled Water Interface for HVAC

BOP-08-04 — Equipment Room and Building Ventilation Systems

BOP-08-05 — HVAC Operation and Monitoring

BOP-08-06 — HVAC Maintenance and Troubleshooting

📘 BOP Operation, Maintenance & Troubleshooting

BOP-09-01 — BOP Startup, Shutdown and Normal Operation

BOP-09-02 — BOP Operational Monitoring and Field Checks

BOP-09-03 — Pump, Valve and Piping Troubleshooting

BOP-09-04 — Utility System Abnormalities and Fault Diagnosis

BOP-09-05 — Preventive and Condition-Based Maintenance of BOP Equipment

BOP-09-06 — BOP Equipment Isolation, Maintenance Handover and Restoration

BOP-09-07 — Leakage, Corrosion, Vibration and Condition Monitoring

BOP-09-08 — BOP Safety, Defect Reporting, Housekeeping and O&M Coordination

📘 Power Plant Chemistry Fundamentals

CHEM-01-01 — Role of Chemistry in Thermal Power Plant

CHEM-01-02 — Water Chemistry Fundamentals and Important Parameters

CHEM-01-03 — pH, Conductivity, Hardness, Alkalinity and Dissolved Solids

CHEM-01-04 — Dissolved Gases, Impurities and Water Contamination

CHEM-01-05 — Water Quality, Corrosion, Scaling and Plant Reliability

CHEM-01-06 — Chemistry Monitoring, Limits, Trends and Corrective Actions

📘 Water & Steam Cycle Chemistry

CHEM-02-01 — Water-Steam Cycle and Chemistry Control Points

CHEM-02-02 — Condensate and Feedwater Chemistry

CHEM-02-03 — Boiler Water Chemistry and Quality Control

CHEM-02-04 — Steam Purity, Carryover and Contamination

CHEM-02-05 — Dissolved Oxygen, Deaeration and Oxygen Control

CHEM-02-06 — Water-Steam Cycle Chemistry Abnormalities and Corrective Actions

📘 Boiler Water Treatment & Chemical Dosing

CHEM-03-01 — Boiler Water Treatment - Objectives and Principles

CHEM-03-02 — Phosphate Treatment and Boiler Water Conditioning

CHEM-03-03 — Feedwater pH Control, Ammonia and Oxygen Scavenger Dosing

CHEM-03-04 — Chemical Preparation and Dosing System - Operation & Maintenance

CHEM-03-05 — Chemical Dosing Control and Chemistry-Based Adjustment

CHEM-03-06 — Chemical Storage, Handling and Dosing Safety

📘 Cooling Water Chemistry & Treatment

CHEM-04-01 — Cooling Water Chemistry and Cycles of Concentration

CHEM-04-02 — Scaling, Corrosion, Fouling and Microbiological Growth

CHEM-04-03 — Scale and Corrosion Control Treatment

CHEM-04-04 — Chlorination, Biocide Treatment and Biological Control

CHEM-04-05 — Cooling Water Sampling, Monitoring and Chemistry Control

CHEM-04-06 — Cooling Water Chemistry Troubleshooting and Corrective Actions

📘 Water, Steam & Condensate Sampling and Analysis

CHEM-05-01 — Sampling Principles and Representative Sample Collection

CHEM-05-02 — Water, Steam and Condensate Sampling System

CHEM-05-03 — Analysis of pH, Conductivity, Silica, Phosphate and Key Parameters

CHEM-05-04 — Hardness, Alkalinity, Chloride and Dissolved Oxygen Analysis

CHEM-05-05 — Online Chemistry Analyzers - Operation, Calibration and Monitoring

CHEM-05-06 — Chemistry Result Interpretation and Abnormal Trend Analysis

📘 Fuel, Oil & Lubricant Analysis

CHEM-06-01 — Coal Sampling and Basic Fuel Analysis

CHEM-06-02 — Coal Proximate Analysis and Quality Parameters

CHEM-06-03 — Calorific Value, Ash and Moisture - Operational Significance

CHEM-06-04 — Fuel Oil Sampling, Properties and Analysis

CHEM-06-05 — Lubricating and Turbine Oil Analysis

CHEM-06-06 — Oil Condition Monitoring and Result Interpretation

📘 Corrosion, Scaling, Deposits & Chemical Cleaning

CHEM-07-01 — Corrosion Fundamentals and Mechanisms

CHEM-07-02 — Common Forms of Corrosion in Power Plant Systems

CHEM-07-03 — Scale and Deposit Formation and Their Effects

CHEM-07-04 — Corrosion, Scale and Deposit Prevention

CHEM-07-05 — Chemical Cleaning - Principles, Process and Application

CHEM-07-06 — Chemical Cleaning Safety and Post-Cleaning Assessment

📘 Chemical Laboratory Practices, Safety & Quality Control

CHEM-08-01 — Chemical Laboratory Organization and Good Laboratory Practices

CHEM-08-02 — Laboratory Glassware, Instruments and Proper Use

CHEM-08-03 — Reagent Preparation, Standardization, Labeling and Storage

CHEM-08-04 — Laboratory Instrument Calibration, Verification and Maintenance

CHEM-08-05 — Chemical Safety, PPE, SDS and Safe Handling Practices

CHEM-08-06 — Chemical Spill, Exposure and Laboratory Emergency Response

CHEM-08-07 — Laboratory QA/QC and Analytical Result Validation

CHEM-08-08 — Laboratory Records, Sample Traceability, Reporting and Waste Management

📘 Coal Handling Plant Fundamentals

CHP-01-01 — Coal Handling Plant - Purpose, Layout and Process Flow

CHP-01-02 — Coal Flow from Receipt to Boiler Bunker

CHP-01-03 — Coal Characteristics Relevant to Handling and Storage

CHP-01-04 — Major CHP Equipment and System Interfaces

CHP-01-05 — Coal Conveying Routes and System Redundancy

CHP-01-06 — CHP Operating Parameters, Safety and Field Practices

📘 Coal Receipt, Unloading & Track Hopper System

CHP-02-01 — Coal Receipt and Unloading Systems - Overview

CHP-02-02 — Track Hopper - Construction, Functioning, Operation & Maintenance

CHP-02-03 — Wagon Unloading Systems and Equipment

CHP-02-04 — Track Hopper Feeders, Gates and Extraction System

CHP-02-05 — Coal Unloading Operation and Monitoring

CHP-02-06 — Coal Unloading Problems, Troubleshooting & Maintenance

📘 Conveyors, Transfer Points & Crushers

CHP-03-01 — Belt Conveyor - Construction, Functioning, Operation & Maintenance

CHP-03-02 — Conveyor Pulleys, Idlers, Take-Up and Belt Tensioning

CHP-03-03 — Transfer Points, Chutes and Skirt Boards

CHP-03-04 — Coal Crushers - Construction, Operation & Maintenance

CHP-03-05 — Conveyor Protection Devices and Safety Features

CHP-03-06 — Conveyor, Chute and Crusher Troubleshooting

📘 Stacker-Reclaimer & Coal Yard Management

CHP-04-01 — Coal Yard Layout, Storage and Stockpile Management

CHP-04-02 — Stacker-Reclaimer - Construction, Operation & Maintenance

CHP-04-03 — Coal Stacking and Stockpile Formation

CHP-04-04 — Coal Reclaiming and Yard-to-System Routing

CHP-04-05 — Coal Yard Fire Prevention and Spontaneous Heating Control

CHP-04-06 — Coal Yard Operation, Inspection and Troubleshooting

📘 Bunker Feeding & Coal Distribution System

CHP-05-01 — Bunker Feeding and Coal Distribution - System Overview

CHP-05-02 — Bunker Distribution Equipment - Construction and Operation

CHP-05-03 — Coal Bunkers - Construction, Level Monitoring and Operation

CHP-05-04 — Bunker Choking, Bridging and Coal Flow Problems

CHP-05-05 — Bunker Feeding System Operation and Monitoring

CHP-05-06 — Bunker Distribution System Troubleshooting & Maintenance

📘 Dust Suppression, Ventilation & Fire Protection

CHP-06-01 — Coal Dust Generation, Hazards and Control Philosophy

CHP-06-02 — Dust Suppression System - Operation & Maintenance

CHP-06-03 — Dust Extraction and Ventilation System

CHP-06-04 — CHP Fire Detection and Fire Protection Systems

CHP-06-05 — Conveyor and Coal Yard Fire Response

CHP-06-06 — Housekeeping, Environmental Control and Safe Work Practices

📘 CHP Electrical & Mechanical Auxiliaries

CHP-07-01 — CHP Electrical Drives, Motors and Power Supply Overview

CHP-07-02 — Conveyor Drives, Gearboxes and Couplings

CHP-07-03 — Brakes, Holdbacks and Conveyor Safety Devices

CHP-07-04 — Bearings, Lubrication and Sealing Systems

CHP-07-05 — Magnetic Separators, Metal Detectors and Belt Weighers

CHP-07-06 — CHP Auxiliary Equipment Inspection and Preventive Maintenance

📘 CHP Operation, Maintenance & Troubleshooting

CHP-08-01 — CHP Startup, Shutdown and Normal Operation

CHP-08-02 — Conveyor Route Selection, Sequencing and Changeover

CHP-08-03 — CHP Operational Monitoring and Field Checks

CHP-08-04 — Conveyor Belt Problems and Troubleshooting

CHP-08-05 — Crusher, Chute and Feeder Troubleshooting

CHP-08-06 — Preventive and Condition-Based Maintenance of CHP

CHP-08-07 — CHP Equipment Isolation, Maintenance Handover and Restoration

CHP-08-08 — CHP Safety, Housekeeping and O&M Coordination

📘 Instrumentation & Control Fundamentals

CNI-01-01 — Role and Scope of Control & Instrumentation in Power Plants

CNI-01-02 — Basic Elements of Measurement and Control Systems

CNI-01-03 — Sensors, Transducers, Transmitters, Controllers and Final Elements

CNI-01-04 — Open-Loop, Closed-Loop and Feedback Control

CNI-01-05 — C&I Terminology, Instrument Identification and Plant Applications

CNI-01-06 — Field-to-Control-Room Instrumentation Architecture

📘 Measurement Principles, Signals & Instrument Standards

CNI-02-01 — Measurement Characteristics, Accuracy and Errors

CNI-02-02 — Range, Span, Zero, Calibration and Turndown

CNI-02-03 — Standard Instrument Signals - 4-20 mA, Voltage, Pneumatic and Digital

CNI-02-04 — Signal Scaling, Live Zero, Conversion and Square-Root Extraction

CNI-02-05 — Instrument Loops and 2-Wire, 3-Wire & 4-Wire Connections

CNI-02-06 — Instrument Symbols, Tagging and P&ID Interpretation

📘 Process Measurement & Instrumentation

CNI-03-01 — Temperature Measurement - RTD, Thermocouple and Other Methods

CNI-03-02 — Temperature Transmitters, Thermowells and Installation

CNI-03-03 — Pressure & Differential Pressure Measurement

CNI-03-04 — Pressure Transmitters, Manifolds and Impulse Lines

CNI-03-05 — Flow Measurement - DP, Orifice, Venturi and Flow Transmitters

CNI-03-06 — Special Flowmeters - Magnetic, Ultrasonic, Vortex and Mass Flow

CNI-03-07 — Level Measurement - Direct, DP and Hydrostatic Methods

CNI-03-08 — Radar, Ultrasonic, Capacitance and Special Level Measurement

CNI-03-09 — Boiler Drum Level Measurement and Compensation

CNI-03-10 — Process Analyzers - Oxygen, pH, Conductivity and Other Measurements

📘 Field Instruments & Actuators

CNI-04-01 — Field Switches, Transmitters and Local Instruments

CNI-04-02 — Control Valves - Construction, Characteristics and Applications

CNI-04-03 — Pneumatic, Electric and Electro-Hydraulic Actuators

CNI-04-04 — Valve Positioners, I/P Converters and Electro-Pneumatic Control

CNI-04-05 — Solenoid Valves, Limit Switches and Position Feedback

CNI-04-06 — Dampers, Gates, Louvers and Their Actuators

CNI-04-07 — Control Valve and Actuator Fail-Safe Philosophy

CNI-04-08 — Field Instrument & Actuator Installation, Maintenance and Troubleshooting

📘 Process Control Fundamentals & PID Control

CNI-05-01 — Process Control Variables, Set Point, Error and Disturbances

CNI-05-02 — Process Dynamics, Lag, Dead Time and Response

CNI-05-03 — P, I and D Control Actions

CNI-05-04 — PID Control, Tuning and Controller Response

CNI-05-05 — Cascade, Ratio, Feed-Forward and Override Control

CNI-05-06 — Auto-Manual Control, Tracking and Bumpless Transfer

📘 Distributed Control System (DCS), HMI & Operator Interface

CNI-06-01 — DCS Architecture and Functional Overview

CNI-06-02 — DCS Controllers, I/O Modules, Remote I/O and Cabinets

CNI-06-03 — Analog, Digital and Special DCS I/O Processing

CNI-06-04 — HMI Graphics, Faceplates, Trends and Operator Controls

CNI-06-05 — Alarm Management, Events and Sequence of Events

CNI-06-06 — DCS Redundancy and System Reliability

CNI-06-07 — DCS Engineering, Configuration and Change Management

CNI-06-08 — DCS Diagnostics, Maintenance and Troubleshooting

📘 PLC, Logic Control & Sequential Automation

CNI-07-01 — PLC Architecture, I/O and Scan Cycle

CNI-07-02 — Boolean Logic, Logic Gates and Control Logic

CNI-07-03 — Ladder Logic, Function Blocks, Timers and Counters

CNI-07-04 — Sequential Control and Step Logic

CNI-07-05 — PLC Applications in Thermal Power Plant Auxiliaries

CNI-07-06 — PLC Diagnostics, Testing and Troubleshooting

📘 FSSS - Furnace Safeguard Supervisory System & Boiler Process Control

CNI-08-01 — FSSS Philosophy, Architecture and Functional Overview

CNI-08-02 — Furnace Purge Permissives and Purge Sequence

CNI-08-03 — Burner Management, Igniters, Flame Detection and Fuel Admission

CNI-08-04 — Mill & Coal Burner Permissives, Sequence and Control

CNI-08-05 — Master Fuel Trip - Initiation, Logic, Actions and Reset

CNI-08-06 — Furnace Draft and Air System Control

CNI-08-07 — Fuel-Air Ratio, Combustion and Excess Air Control

CNI-08-08 — Boiler Drum Level & Feedwater Control

CNI-08-09 — Superheater & Reheater Steam Temperature Control

CNI-08-10 — FSSS Monitoring, Testing, Bypass and Troubleshooting

📘 ATRS - Automatic Turbine Run-up System

CNI-09-01 — ATRS Philosophy, Architecture and Functional Overview

CNI-09-02 — Turbine Startup Permissives and Readiness Criteria

CNI-09-03 — Turning Gear, Barring and Rolling Sequence

CNI-09-04 — Automatic Speed Raising and Acceleration Control

CNI-09-05 — Critical Speed Monitoring and Automatic Passage

CNI-09-06 — Turbine Warming, Soaking and Thermal Stress Criteria

CNI-09-07 — Rated Speed, Synchronization Readiness and Loading Transition

CNI-09-08 — ATRS Holds, Inhibits, Abort Conditions and Troubleshooting

📘 Process Interlocks, Permissives & Protection Systems

CNI-10-01 — Permissive, Interlock, Trip and Protection Philosophy

CNI-10-02 — Equipment Start Permissives, Running Interlocks and Trip Logic

CNI-10-03 — Boiler & Major Auxiliary Process Protection Logic

CNI-10-04 — Turbine Process Protection and Trip Logic

CNI-10-05 — Voting Logic, Redundancy and Fail-Safe Protection

CNI-10-06 — First-Out Indication and Sequence-of-Events Analysis

CNI-10-07 — Interlock Bypass, Override and Inhibition Management

CNI-10-08 — Interlock & Protection Testing and Troubleshooting

📘 Turbine Control, Governing & Electro-Hydraulic Control

CNI-11-01 — Turbine Governing Principles and Speed-Load Control

CNI-11-02 — Electro-Hydraulic Control System - Architecture and Operation

CNI-11-03 — Turbine Stop, Control and Intercept Valve Control

CNI-11-04 — Turbine Speed Control and Synchronization Mode

CNI-11-05 — Turbine Load Control and Governing Modes

CNI-11-06 — Overspeed Control and Load Rejection Response

CNI-11-07 — Turbine Governing System Monitoring and Testing

CNI-11-08 — EHC Troubleshooting and Maintenance

📘 Turbine Supervisory Instrumentation & Emergency Trip System

CNI-12-01 — Turbine Supervisory Instrumentation - Overview

CNI-12-02 — Shaft Vibration, Bearing Vibration and Eccentricity Measurement

CNI-12-03 — Axial Shift, Differential Expansion and Casing Expansion

CNI-12-04 — Turbine Speed and Zero-Speed Measurement

CNI-12-05 — Bearing Temperature and Turbine Thermal Monitoring

CNI-12-06 — Emergency Trip System - Architecture and Trip Functions

CNI-12-07 — Turbine Overspeed Protection and Emergency Trip Channels

CNI-12-08 — TSI & ETS Testing, Calibration and Troubleshooting

📘 Unit Coordinated Control, Load Control & Automatic Control Schemes

CNI-13-01 — Coordinated Control System - Philosophy and Architecture

CNI-13-02 — Boiler Follow, Turbine Follow and Coordinated Modes

CNI-13-03 — Unit Master Demand and Load Control

CNI-13-04 — Load Ramping, Load Rate and Demand Tracking

CNI-13-05 — Main Steam Pressure and Boiler-Turbine Load Balance

CNI-13-06 — Automatic Generation Control and Grid Interface

CNI-13-07 — Runback, Load Shedding and Automatic Load Reduction

CNI-13-08 — Coordinated Control Monitoring, Mode Transfer and Troubleshooting

📘 C&I Power Supply, Instrument Air, Earthing, Shielding & Cabling

CNI-14-01 — C&I AC/DC Power Supply Systems

CNI-14-02 — UPS and Redundant C&I Power Supply

CNI-14-03 — Instrument Air Supply, Quality and Distribution

CNI-14-04 — Instrument Earthing and Grounding Philosophy

CNI-14-05 — Shielding, Noise and Electromagnetic Interference Control

CNI-14-06 — Instrument Cables, Routing, Termination and Junction Boxes

📘 Industrial Communication Networks, Protocols & Control System Cybersecurity

CNI-15-01 — Industrial Communication and Control Network Fundamentals

CNI-15-02 — Serial Communication - RS-232, RS-485 and Industrial Interfaces

CNI-15-03 — Modbus and Common Industrial Communication Protocols

CNI-15-04 — Industrial Ethernet and Redundant Control Networks

CNI-15-05 — DCS, PLC and Third-Party System Communication

CNI-15-06 — Industrial Control System Cybersecurity Fundamentals

CNI-15-07 — Access Control, Backup, Change Management and Secure Maintenance

CNI-15-08 — Control Network Diagnostics and Communication Troubleshooting

📘 C&I Maintenance, Troubleshooting & Documentation

CNI-16-01 — C&I Preventive, Predictive and Breakdown Maintenance

CNI-16-02 — Systematic C&I Loop Troubleshooting

CNI-16-03 — Signal Loss, Drift, False Indication and Intermittent Faults

CNI-16-04 — C&I Equipment Isolation, Online Maintenance and Restoration

CNI-16-05 — P&ID, Loop Diagram, Logic Diagram and Wiring Drawing Interpretation

CNI-16-06 — Instrument Index, Datasheets, Cable Schedules and I/O Lists

CNI-16-07 — Maintenance History, Defect Reporting and Calibration Records

CNI-16-08 — C&I Safety, Work Permit and O&M Coordination

📘 C&I Laboratory, Calibration & Testing Practices

CNI-17-01 — C&I Laboratory, Reference Standards and Safe Practices

CNI-17-02 — Multimeter, Process Calibrator and Signal Source Practice

CNI-17-03 — Pressure & DP Transmitter Calibration Practice

CNI-17-04 — RTD, Thermocouple and Temperature Transmitter Calibration

CNI-17-05 — Flow & Level Transmitter Calibration Practice

CNI-17-06 — Control Valve, Actuator, I/P and Positioner Testing

CNI-17-07 — Pressure, Temperature, Level and Limit Switch Testing

CNI-17-08 — Instrument Loop Checking and End-to-End Testing

CNI-17-09 — Analog/Digital Signal Simulation and Logic Testing

CNI-17-10 — Calibration Records, Tolerance, As-Found/As-Left Data and Traceability

📘 Environmental Management Fundamentals & Statutory Framework

ENV-01-01 — Environmental Aspects, Impacts and Power Plant Environmental Management

ENV-01-02 — Major Environmental Pollution Sources in Thermal Power Plants

ENV-01-03 — Environmental Standards, Consent Conditions and Regulatory Compliance

ENV-01-04 — Environmental Management System, Responsibilities and Operational Controls

ENV-01-05 — Environmental Monitoring, Records and Compliance Documentation

ENV-01-06 — Environmental Incident, Deviation and Corrective Action Management

📘 Air Pollution Sources & Particulate Emission Control

ENV-02-01 — Air Pollution Sources and Major Stack Emissions

ENV-02-02 — Fly Ash Formation and Particulate Transport in Flue Gas

ENV-02-03 — Electrostatic Precipitator - Working Principle and Particulate Collection

ENV-02-04 — ESP Performance, Operating Parameters and Emission Control

ENV-02-05 — Particulate Emission Monitoring and Abnormal Condition Identification

ENV-02-06 — High Particulate Emission - Causes and Corrective Actions

📘 SOx, NOx & Flue Gas Emission Control Systems

ENV-03-01 — SOx and NOx Formation and Environmental Impact

ENV-03-02 — Primary NOx Control through Combustion Management

ENV-03-03 — Low-NOx Burners, Over-Fire Air and NOx Control Techniques

ENV-03-04 — Flue Gas Desulphurization - Process and Environmental Role

ENV-03-05 — Secondary NOx Control - SCR and SNCR Overview

ENV-03-06 — SOx/NOx Control Monitoring, Abnormalities and Troubleshooting

📘 Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS)

ENV-04-01 — CEMS - Purpose, Architecture and Regulatory Role

ENV-04-02 — Stack Sampling, Sample Conditioning and Analyzer System

ENV-04-03 — CEMS Measurement of PM, SO2, NOx, CO and O2

ENV-04-04 — CEMS Calibration, Zero/Span Checks and QA/QC

ENV-04-05 — Emission Data Acquisition, Trending and Compliance Reporting

ENV-04-06 — CEMS Faults, Analyzer Drift and Troubleshooting

📘 Effluent, Wastewater & Liquid Discharge Management

ENV-05-01 — Power Plant Wastewater and Effluent Sources

ENV-05-02 — Effluent Quality Parameters and Discharge Standards

ENV-05-03 — Effluent Treatment Principles and Process Overview

ENV-05-04 — Wastewater Reuse, Recycling and Discharge Reduction

ENV-05-05 — Effluent Sampling, Monitoring and Compliance Assessment

ENV-05-06 — Effluent Abnormalities, Environmental Risk and Corrective Actions

📘 Ash, Solid Waste & Hazardous Waste Environmental Management

ENV-06-01 — Ash Generation, Disposal and Environmental Impact

ENV-06-02 — Ash Utilization, Storage and Environmentally Safe Disposal

ENV-06-03 — Solid Waste Classification, Segregation, Storage and Disposal

ENV-06-04 — Hazardous Waste Identification, Labeling, Storage and Handling

ENV-06-05 — Used Oil, Chemical Waste and Hazardous Material Management

ENV-06-06 — Waste Records, Manifest, Reporting and Compliance

📘 Noise, Occupational & Local Environmental Monitoring

ENV-07-01 — Power Plant Noise Sources and Environmental Impact

ENV-07-02 — Environmental and Occupational Noise Monitoring

ENV-07-03 — Noise Control and Exposure Reduction Measures

ENV-07-04 — Ambient Air Quality and Local Environmental Monitoring

ENV-07-05 — Soil, Groundwater and Surrounding Environment Monitoring

ENV-07-06 — Environmental Complaints, Local Impact and Response Management

📘 Environmental Compliance, Audit, Reporting & Improvement

ENV-08-01 — Environmental Compliance Monitoring and Review

ENV-08-02 — Environmental Audit - Planning, Execution and Follow-Up

ENV-08-03 — Environmental Reporting, Records and Statutory Returns

ENV-08-04 — Environmental Non-Compliance, Root Cause and Corrective Action

ENV-08-05 — Environmental Performance Indicators and Improvement Planning

ENV-08-06 — Environmental Awareness, Training and Departmental Responsibilities

ENV-08-07 — Environmental Emergency Preparedness and Response

ENV-08-08 — Continual Improvement and Sustainable Environmental Management

📘 Introduction to Thermal Power Plant Electrical System

ESTPP-01-01 — Electrical power flow from generator to grid

ESTPP-01-02 — Electrical power flow from source to plant auxiliaries

ESTPP-01-03 — Generation, power evacuation and auxiliary power systems

ESTPP-01-04 — Typical single line diagram of a thermal power plant

ESTPP-01-05 — Identification of major electrical equipment on single line diagram

📘 Basic Electrical Concepts for Power Plants

ESTPP-02-01 — Voltage, current, resistance and electrical power

ESTPP-02-02 — AC and DC systems

ESTPP-02-03 — Single-phase and three-phase electrical supply

ESTPP-02-04 — Line voltage, phase voltage, line current and phase current

ESTPP-02-05 — Active, reactive and apparent power

ESTPP-02-06 — Power factor and its significance

ESTPP-02-07 — Electrical frequency

ESTPP-02-08 — Star and delta connections

ESTPP-02-09 — Basic principle of electromagnetic induction

ESTPP-02-10 — Basic operating principle of transformer

ESTPP-02-11 — Basic purpose of CT and PT

ESTPP-02-12 — Circuit breaker and isolator: purpose and difference

ESTPP-02-13 — Fuse, protective relay and circuit breaker

ESTPP-02-14 — Basic concept of system and equipment earthing

ESTPP-02-15 — Basic electrical safety principles

📘 Generator Output and Transformer System

ESTPP-03-01 — Generator terminal and generator output arrangement

ESTPP-03-02 — Isolated Phase Bus Duct (IPBD)

ESTPP-03-03 — Generator Transformer / Generator Step-Up Transformer

ESTPP-03-04 — Power Transformer: Construction, Working Principle and Main Components

ESTPP-03-05 — Unit Auxiliary Transformer (UAT / UT)

ESTPP-03-06 — Station Transformer / Start-up Transformer

ESTPP-03-07 — Generator circuit breaker and its application

ESTPP-03-08 — Power evacuation from generator to switchyard

ESTPP-03-09 — Transformer Maintenance

📘 Auxiliary Power Supply System

ESTPP-04-01 — Meaning and purpose of auxiliary power

ESTPP-04-02 — Unit auxiliary loads and station auxiliary loads

ESTPP-04-03 — Typical HT and LT auxiliary voltage levels

ESTPP-04-04 — HT switchgear and HT auxiliary buses

ESTPP-04-05 — LT switchgear and LT distribution

ESTPP-04-06 — Power Control Centre (PCC)

ESTPP-04-07 — Motor Control Centre (MCC)

ESTPP-04-08 — Distribution boards and local power distribution

ESTPP-04-09 — Electrical supply to Boiler Feed Pumps

ESTPP-04-10 — Electrical supply to ID, FD and PA fans

ESTPP-04-11 — Electrical supply to coal mills and coal handling plant

ESTPP-04-12 — Electrical supply to condensate, cooling water and other pumps

ESTPP-04-13 — Electrical supply to ash handling and other balance-of-plant systems

ESTPP-04-14 — Selection of HT and LT motors for plant auxiliaries

ESTPP-04-15 — Bus coupler, bus sectionalisation and supply redundancy

📘 Emergency and Essential Power Supply

ESTPP-05-01 — Normal AC power supply system

ESTPP-05-02 — Essential and non-essential electrical loads

ESTPP-05-03 — Emergency AC power supply

ESTPP-05-04 — Emergency Diesel Generator (EDG)

ESTPP-05-05 — Station battery and DC power system

ESTPP-05-06 — Battery charger, float charging and boost charging

ESTPP-05-07 — Battery & UPS maintenance

ESTPP-05-08 — Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)

ESTPP-05-09 — DC distribution board and essential DC loads

ESTPP-05-10 — Automatic changeover and emergency supply restoration

ESTPP-05-11 — Loss of auxiliary supply and station blackout: basic sequence

📘 Earthing, Isolation and Electrical Safety

ESTPP-06-01 — Purpose and importance of earthing in power plants

ESTPP-06-02 — Earthing: Types and Basic Principles

ESTPP-06-03 — Equipment earthing

ESTPP-06-04 — System earthing and neutral grounding

ESTPP-06-05 — Switchyard and plant earthing grid

ESTPP-06-06 — Electrical isolation and safe isolation procedure

ESTPP-06-07 — Lockout/Tagout (LOTO) Procedure for Electrical Equipment

ESTPP-06-08 — Electrical Hazards

ESTPP-06-09 — Arc Flash

ESTPP-06-10 — Permit to Work for electrical equipment

ESTPP-06-11 — Electrical shock prevention and emergency response

📘 Electrical Testing & Diagnostics

ESTPP-07-01 — Cable Testing

📘 Electrical Protection Fundamentals & Protection Philosophy

ETP-01-01 — Electrical Protection - Purpose, Philosophy and Requirements

ETP-01-02 — Electrical Faults and Abnormal Operating Conditions

ETP-01-03 — Protection Zones, Primary and Backup Protection

ETP-01-04 — Sensitivity, Selectivity, Speed and Reliability of Protection

ETP-01-05 — Major Electrical Protection Principles

ETP-01-06 — Protection Coordination and Grading

ETP-01-07 — Trip Philosophy, Lockout and Master Trip Arrangement

ETP-01-08 — Protection Diagrams, Trip Matrix and Documentation

📘 Protective Relays, Numerical Relays & Relay Coordination

ETP-02-01 — Protective Relay Types and Development

ETP-02-02 — Numerical Relay Architecture and Functional Blocks

ETP-02-03 — Relay Pickup, Dropout, Timing and Characteristics

ETP-02-04 — IDMT and Overcurrent Relay Characteristics

ETP-02-05 — Directional Protection Principles

ETP-02-06 — Relay Settings and Protection Coordination

ETP-02-07 — Numerical Relay Events, Disturbance Records and Fault Data

ETP-02-08 — Numerical Relay Configuration, Diagnostics and Maintenance

📘 Generator Protection

ETP-03-01 — Generator Protection Philosophy and Protection Zones

ETP-03-02 — Generator Stator Differential Protection

ETP-03-03 — Generator Stator Earth Fault and REF Protection

ETP-03-04 — Generator Rotor Earth Fault and Field Protection

ETP-03-05 — Reverse Power, Loss of Excitation and Pole-Slip Protection

ETP-03-06 — Negative Sequence, Overload and Thermal Protection

ETP-03-07 — Generator Voltage and Frequency Protection

ETP-03-08 — Generator Trip Matrix, Testing and Trip Analysis

GEN-07-01 — Generator protection

GEN-07-02 — Protection zones of generator-transformer unit

GEN-07-03 — Generator differential protection (87G)

GEN-07-04 — Stator earth-fault protection

GEN-07-05 — 100 percent stator earth-fault protection: introduction

GEN-07-06 — Rotor earth-fault protection

GEN-07-07 — Reverse-power protection (32)

GEN-07-08 — Loss-of-excitation protection (40)

GEN-07-09 — Negative-phase-sequence protection (46)

GEN-07-10 — Over-voltage and under-voltage protection (59/27)

GEN-07-11 — Over-frequency and under-frequency protection (81)

GEN-07-12 — Over-fluxing protection (24)

GEN-07-13 — Generator overcurrent and backup protection

GEN-07-14 — Pole slipping / out-of-step protection

GEN-07-15 — Generator bearing and winding temperature protection

GEN-07-16 — Generator-transformer unit protection philosophy

GEN-07-17 — Generator trip, lockout and master-trip logic

📘 Transformer & Generator Transformer Protection

ETP-04-01 — Transformer Protection Philosophy and Protection Zones

ETP-04-02 — Transformer Differential Protection

ETP-04-03 — Restricted Earth Fault and Neutral Protection

ETP-04-04 — Buchholz, Pressure Relief and Mechanical Protections

ETP-04-05 — Transformer Overcurrent and Earth Fault Backup Protection

ETP-04-06 — Transformer Overfluxing and Thermal Protection

ETP-04-07 — GT, UAT and Station Transformer Protection Schemes

ETP-04-08 — Transformer Protection Testing and Fault Analysis

📘 Busbar, Breaker Failure & Switchyard Protection

ETP-05-01 — Busbar Protection Philosophy and Zones

ETP-05-02 — Bus Differential Protection

ETP-05-03 — Circuit Breaker Failure Protection

ETP-05-04 — Distance Protection and Protection Zones

ETP-05-05 — Line Differential and Directional Protection

ETP-05-06 — Auto-Reclosing and Synchro-Check Protection Logic

ETP-05-07 — Switchyard Protection Interface and Trip Distribution

ETP-05-08 — Busbar & Switchyard Scheme Testing and Fault Analysis

📘 Motor & Auxiliary Electrical System Protection

ETP-06-01 — Motor Protection Philosophy and Requirements

ETP-06-02 — Motor Overload, Thermal and Locked-Rotor Protection

ETP-06-03 — Motor Short-Circuit and Differential Protection

ETP-06-04 — Motor Earth Fault Protection

ETP-06-05 — Negative Sequence, Phase Unbalance and Single-Phasing Protection

ETP-06-06 — Motor Voltage, Underload and Restart Protection

ETP-06-07 — Motor Bearing and Winding Temperature Protection

ETP-06-08 — Motor Protection Testing, Settings and Troubleshooting

📘 Feeder, Cable & Distribution System Protection

ETP-07-01 — Feeder Protection Philosophy and Applications

ETP-07-02 — Feeder Overcurrent and Earth Fault Protection

ETP-07-03 — Directional and Parallel Feeder Protection

ETP-07-04 — Cable Differential and Cable Fault Protection

ETP-07-05 — HT/LT Distribution Protection Coordination

ETP-07-06 — Fuse, MCCB and ACB Protection Coordination

ETP-07-07 — Cable Fault Location and Diagnostic Techniques

ETP-07-08 — Feeder Protection Testing and Troubleshooting

📘 CT, PT/CVT & Protection Circuit Supervision

ETP-08-01 — Current Transformer - Protection Application and Requirements

ETP-08-02 — CT Saturation, Burden and Knee-Point Voltage

ETP-08-03 — CT Polarity, Connections and Secondary Safety

ETP-08-04 — PT/CVT - Protection Application and Requirements

ETP-08-05 — PT Secondary Circuits and Voltage Supervision

ETP-08-06 — CT/PT Circuit Failure Supervision

ETP-08-07 — CT/PT Ratio, Polarity and Insulation Testing

ETP-08-08 — CT/PT Circuit Maintenance and Troubleshooting

📘 Circuit Breaker, Trip Circuit & Protection Interface

ETP-09-01 — Protection Relay to Circuit Breaker Trip Interface

ETP-09-02 — Circuit Breaker Trip and Close Circuits

ETP-09-03 — Trip Circuit Supervision and Trip Coil Monitoring

ETP-09-04 — Lockout Relay, Master Trip and Trip Distribution

ETP-09-05 — Breaker Auxiliary Contacts and Protection Logic Interface

ETP-09-06 — Circuit Breaker Timing and Contact Operation Testing

ETP-09-07 — Breaker Contact Resistance and Insulation Testing

ETP-09-08 — Trip Circuit and Breaker Interface Troubleshooting

📘 Electrical Equipment Testing & Diagnostic Techniques

ETP-10-01 — Electrical Testing Philosophy, Safety and Test Planning

ETP-10-02 — Insulation Resistance and Polarization Index Test

ETP-10-03 — High Voltage and Dielectric Withstand Testing

ETP-10-04 — Winding Resistance and Continuity Testing

ETP-10-05 — Transformer Ratio, Vector Group and Magnetic Balance Testing

ETP-10-06 — Tan Delta, Capacitance and Insulation Diagnostics

ETP-10-07 — Earth Resistance and Grounding System Testing

ETP-10-08 — Electrical Test Result Interpretation and Condition Assessment

📘 Protection Relay Testing, Secondary Injection & Scheme Testing

ETP-11-01 — Protection Relay Testing - Philosophy and Test Equipment

ETP-11-02 — Secondary Injection Testing of OC and EF Relays

ETP-11-03 — Differential Protection Relay Testing

ETP-11-04 — Distance Relay Testing and Zone Verification

ETP-11-05 — Numerical Relay Setting Verification and Functional Testing

ETP-11-06 — Primary Injection and Complete Protection Path Testing

ETP-11-07 — End-to-End Protection Scheme and Trip Testing

ETP-11-08 — Relay Test Records, Acceptance Criteria and Documentation

📘 Protection Maintenance, Disturbance Analysis & Troubleshooting

ETP-12-01 — Protection System Preventive and Periodic Maintenance

ETP-12-02 — Relay Self-Supervision, Alarms and Diagnostics

ETP-12-03 — Disturbance Records and Oscillography Analysis

ETP-12-04 — Fault Analysis Using Relay Events and SOE

ETP-12-05 — Protection Maloperation and Failure-to-Trip Investigation

ETP-12-06 — Protection Circuit Troubleshooting from CT/PT to Trip Coil

ETP-12-07 — Protection Setting Management and Change Control

ETP-12-08 — Protection Maintenance Records, Fault Reports and Corrective Actions

📘 Electrical System Operation

GEN-01-01 — Generator

GEN-03-01 — Excitation

GEN-04-01 — Synchronization

📘 Generator Fundamentals

GEN-01-02 — Mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion

GEN-01-03 — Faraday's law and electromagnetic induction

GEN-01-04 — Working principle of synchronous generator / alternator

GEN-01-05 — Generation of three-phase EMF

GEN-01-06 — Relationship between frequency, speed and number of poles

GEN-01-07 — Why thermal power plant turbo-generators are generally two-pole machines

GEN-01-08 — Generated EMF and factors affecting generator voltage

GEN-01-09 — Synchronous reactance and generator impedance: introduction

GEN-01-10 — Generator equivalent circuit and phasor diagram

GEN-01-11 — Voltage regulation of synchronous generator

📘 Generator Construction

GEN-02-01 — Overall construction of turbo-generator

GEN-02-02 — Stator core and stator frame

GEN-02-03 — Stator winding

GEN-02-04 — Cylindrical rotor construction

GEN-02-05 — Rotor field winding

GEN-02-06 — Generator shaft and coupling with turbine

GEN-02-07 — Generator bearings

GEN-02-08 — Generator terminal arrangement

GEN-02-09 — Generator neutral arrangement

GEN-02-10 — Generator nameplate and important rated parameters

📘 Excitation System and AVR

GEN-03-02 — Purpose of generator excitation

GEN-03-03 — Field current and magnetic field production

GEN-03-04 — Static excitation system

GEN-03-05 — Brushless excitation system

GEN-03-06 — Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR)

GEN-03-07 — Generator terminal-voltage control

GEN-03-08 — Relationship between excitation and reactive power

GEN-03-09 — Over-excitation and under-excitation

GEN-03-10 — Field forcing and excitation response

GEN-03-11 — Excitation limiters: introduction

GEN-03-12 — Power System Stabilizer (PSS): basic concept

📘 Synchronization and Grid Connection

GEN-04-02 — Need for synchronization

GEN-04-03 — Voltage matching before synchronization

GEN-04-04 — Frequency matching before synchronization

GEN-04-05 — Phase-sequence requirement

GEN-04-06 — Phase-angle matching

GEN-04-07 — Synchronoscope and synchronization indication

GEN-04-08 — Manual synchronization

GEN-04-09 — Automatic synchronizer

GEN-04-10 — Generator Breaker Closing - Electrical Interface and Conditions

GEN-04-11 — Consequences of incorrect synchronization

MPO-03-01 — Synchronization - Principles and Prerequisites

MPO-03-02 — Voltage, Frequency, Phase Sequence and Phase Angle Matching

MPO-03-03 — Manual Synchronization and Synchroscope Operation

MPO-03-04 — Automatic Synchronization - Sequence and Operational Checks

MPO-03-05 — Generator Breaker Closing - Operator Sequence and Grid Connection

MPO-03-06 — Initial MW and MVAr Loading after Synchronization

MPO-03-07 — Abnormal Synchronizing Conditions and Operator Response

MPO-03-08 — Synchronization and Grid Coordination

📘 Generator Operation and Reactive Power Control

GEN-05-01 — Generator loading after synchronization

GEN-05-02 — Active power (MW) and reactive power (MVAR)

GEN-05-03 — Generator power factor

GEN-05-04 — Effect of turbine mechanical input on MW output

GEN-05-05 — Effect of excitation on MVAR output

GEN-05-06 — Over-excited generator operation

GEN-05-07 — Under-excited generator operation

GEN-05-08 — Generator capability curve

GEN-05-09 — Stator-current limit

GEN-05-10 — Rotor-field-current limit

GEN-05-11 — Generator stability limit: introduction

GEN-05-12 — Grid-connected generator operation

GEN-05-13 — Load rejection and generator response

📘 Generator Cooling and Auxiliary Systems

GEN-06-01 — Need for generator cooling

GEN-06-02 — Air-cooled generators

GEN-06-03 — Hydrogen cooling system

GEN-06-04 — Properties and advantages of hydrogen as cooling medium

GEN-06-05 — Hydrogen purity and pressure monitoring

GEN-06-06 — Stator water cooling system

GEN-06-07 — Generator seal-oil system

GEN-06-08 — Seal-oil differential pressure and sealing principle

GEN-06-09 — Bearing lubrication and bearing-temperature monitoring

GEN-06-10 — Generator hydrogen leakage and safety precautions

GEN-06-11 — Generator fire and explosion hazards

📘 Motor Fundamentals

MOTOR-01-01 — Role and application of motors in thermal power plants

MOTOR-01-02 — Classification of electric motors

MOTOR-01-03 — AC and DC motors

MOTOR-01-04 — Three-phase induction motor working principle

MOTOR-01-05 — Rotating magnetic field

MOTOR-01-06 — Synchronous speed

MOTOR-01-07 — Slip and rotor frequency

MOTOR-01-08 — Squirrel-cage and slip-ring induction motors

MOTOR-01-09 — Introduction to synchronous motors

📘 Construction of Induction Motors

MOTOR-02-01 — Stator construction and stator winding

MOTOR-02-02 — Rotor construction

MOTOR-02-03 — Squirrel-cage rotor

MOTOR-02-04 — Slip-ring / wound rotor construction

MOTOR-02-05 — Bearings and lubrication arrangement

MOTOR-02-06 — Motor cooling and ventilation

MOTOR-02-07 — Motor terminal box and cable termination

MOTOR-02-08 — Motor enclosure and degree of protection

MOTOR-02-09 — Reading and interpretation of motor nameplate data

📘 Motor Characteristics and Performance

MOTOR-03-01 — Starting current and inrush current

MOTOR-03-02 — Starting torque and accelerating torque

MOTOR-03-03 — Full-load current and rated operating conditions

MOTOR-03-04 — Torque-slip characteristic

MOTOR-03-05 — Maximum torque and pull-out torque

MOTOR-03-06 — Motor losses and efficiency

MOTOR-03-07 — Motor power factor

MOTOR-03-08 — Motor duty and service factor

MOTOR-03-09 — Load torque characteristics of pumps, fans, compressors and conveyors

MOTOR-03-10 — Selection of HT and LT motors for thermal power plant auxiliaries

📘 Motor Starting and Speed Control

MOTOR-04-01 — Need for motor starters and starting-current limitation

MOTOR-04-02 — Direct-On-Line (DOL) starting

MOTOR-04-03 — Star-delta starting

MOTOR-04-04 — Autotransformer starting

MOTOR-04-05 — Rotor resistance starting of slip-ring motors

MOTOR-04-06 — Soft starter

MOTOR-04-07 — Variable Frequency Drive (VFD)

MOTOR-04-08 — V/f control principle

MOTOR-04-09 — Effect of frequency and voltage on motor speed

MOTOR-04-10 — Energy saving through variable-speed operation of pumps and fans

MOTOR-04-11 — HT motor starting and starting sequence

📘 Motor Protection

MOTOR-05-01 — Overload and thermal protection

MOTOR-05-02 — Short-circuit protection

MOTOR-05-03 — Earth-fault protection

MOTOR-05-04 — Single phasing and phase-unbalance protection

MOTOR-05-05 — Locked-rotor and stall protection

MOTOR-05-06 — Under-voltage protection

MOTOR-05-07 — Negative-sequence protection

MOTOR-05-08 — Motor differential protection for large motors

MOTOR-05-09 — Bearing-temperature and winding-temperature protection

MOTOR-05-10 — Motor start supervision and repeated-start limitation

MOTOR-05-11 — Motor protection relay and trip logic

📘 Motor Maintenance and Troubleshooting

MOTOR-06-01 — Motor Maintenance

MOTOR-06-02 — Visual inspection and routine motor checks

MOTOR-06-03 — Insulation resistance measurement

MOTOR-06-04 — Polarization Index (PI)

MOTOR-06-05 — Winding resistance measurement

MOTOR-06-06 — Bearing inspection and bearing-temperature monitoring

MOTOR-06-07 — Motor vibration monitoring

MOTOR-06-08 — Current and phase-unbalance checks

MOTOR-06-09 — Motor current signature analysis: introduction

MOTOR-06-10 — Troubleshooting motor failure to start

MOTOR-06-11 — Troubleshooting motor overcurrent and overheating

MOTOR-06-12 — Abnormal noise, vibration and bearing overheating

MOTOR-06-13 — Motor drying, insulation deterioration and low IR

📘 Main Plant Operation Fundamentals

MPO-01-01 — Main Plant Operation - Scope, Responsibilities and Plant Overview

MPO-01-02 — Integrated Unit Process Flow and Major Plant Systems

MPO-01-03 — Boiler-Turbine-Generator and Auxiliary System Interfaces

MPO-01-04 — Key Operating Parameters, Limits, Alarms and Trends

MPO-01-05 — Control Room and Field Operation Coordination

MPO-01-06 — Equipment Readiness and Pre-Operation Checks

MPO-01-07 — Safe Operating Practices and Communication

MPO-01-08 — Operating Procedures, Checklists and Log Keeping

📘 Unit Startup and Rolling

MPO-02-01 — Unit Startup Types, Overall Sequence and Readiness

MPO-02-02 — Boiler Startup, Light-Up and Steam Parameter Development

MPO-02-03 — Starting and Establishing Major Unit Auxiliaries

MPO-02-04 — Turbine Preparation for Rolling

MPO-02-05 — Turbine Rolling and Speed Raising

MPO-02-06 — Critical Speed, Warming and Turbine Expansion Monitoring

MPO-02-07 — Generator Readiness before Synchronization

MPO-02-08 — Integrated Unit Startup Sequence and Operator Coordination

📘 Unit Loading, Load Control and Normal Operation

MPO-04-01 — Unit Loading and Load Raising Sequence

MPO-04-02 — Boiler Operation during Load Changes

MPO-04-03 — Turbine Operation during Loading and Unloading

MPO-04-04 — Generator MW, MVAr, Voltage and Power Factor Control

MPO-04-05 — Unit Load Control Modes and Load Demand Response

MPO-04-06 — Major Auxiliary Monitoring during Normal Operation

MPO-04-07 — Load Reduction, Ramping and Grid Demand Changes

MPO-04-08 — Normal Unit Operation - Monitoring and Field Checks

📘 Boiler-Turbine-Generator Coordinated Operation

MPO-05-01 — Principles of Boiler-Turbine-Generator Coordination

MPO-05-02 — Fuel-Steam-Turbine-Generator Load Relationship

MPO-05-03 — Main Steam Pressure and Unit Load Coordination

MPO-05-04 — Steam Temperature, Drum Level and Feedwater Coordination

MPO-05-05 — Turbine-Generator Response to Boiler Disturbances

MPO-05-06 — Boiler Response to Turbine and Generator Disturbances

MPO-05-07 — Operator Coordination during Unit Transients

MPO-05-08 — Integrated Unit Monitoring and Process Mismatch Identification

📘 Electrical Operation and Switching

MPO-06-01 — Main Plant Electrical System - Operational Overview

MPO-06-02 — Unit and Station Auxiliary Supply Operation

MPO-06-03 — Bus Transfer and Supply Changeover Operation

MPO-06-04 — Circuit Breaker, Isolator and Earthing Switch Operation

MPO-06-05 — Switching Procedure, Checklist and Safety Confirmation

MPO-06-06 — Electrical Equipment Isolation and Restoration

MPO-06-07 — Emergency and Essential Power Supply Operation

MPO-06-08 — Electrical Abnormalities and Operator Response

📘 Unit Shutdown and Outage Preparation

MPO-07-01 — Unit Shutdown Types, Planning and Overall Sequence

MPO-07-02 — Unit Unloading and Pre-Shutdown Preparation

MPO-07-03 — Generator Unloading and Grid Disconnection

MPO-07-04 — Turbine Shutdown, Rundown and Turning Gear Operation

MPO-07-05 — Boiler Shutdown and Controlled Cooling

MPO-07-06 — Auxiliary Shutdown and Equipment Preservation

MPO-07-07 — Plant Isolation and Maintenance Handover

MPO-07-08 — Outage Preparation, Documentation and Restoration Planning

📘 Abnormal and Emergency Unit Operation

MPO-08-01 — Abnormal and Emergency Operation - Principles and Priorities

MPO-08-02 — Boiler Trip and Major Boiler Disturbances

MPO-08-03 — Turbine Trip and Major Turbine Disturbances

MPO-08-04 — Generator Trip and Electrical Disturbances

MPO-08-05 — Loss of Major Auxiliaries and Common Plant Services

MPO-08-06 — Load Rejection, House Load and Grid Failure

MPO-08-07 — Station Blackout and Emergency Power Restoration

MPO-08-08 — Emergency Stabilization, Recovery and Post-Event Actions

📘 Grid Coordination, Shift Operation and Operational Discipline

MPO-09-01 — Generating Unit and Grid Operation Interface

MPO-09-02 — Load Scheduling and Grid Instructions

MPO-09-03 — Frequency, Voltage, Reactive Power and Reserve Management

MPO-09-04 — Load Dispatch and Inter-Departmental Coordination

MPO-09-05 — Shift Takeover, Handover and Plant Status Review

MPO-09-06 — Operating Logs, Event Records and Shift Documentation

MPO-09-07 — Defect Reporting, Work Coordination and Equipment Release

MPO-09-08 — Operational Discipline, Procedural Compliance and Human Performance

📘 Performance & Efficiency Management Fundamentals

PEM-01-01 — Performance & Efficiency Management - Scope and Objectives

PEM-01-02 — Generation, Efficiency, Reliability, Availability and Cost Relationship

PEM-01-03 — Factors Affecting Thermal Power Plant Performance

PEM-01-04 — Equipment, Unit and Station Performance Monitoring Framework

PEM-01-05 — Performance Data Collection, Validation and Reporting

PEM-01-06 — Departmental Roles and Coordination for Performance Improvement

📘 Plant Performance Parameters, KPIs & Quality Monitoring

PEM-02-01 — Thermal Power Plant Key Performance Indicators

PEM-02-02 — PLF, Availability Factor and Utilization Indicators

PEM-02-03 — Specific Coal, Oil and Water Consumption Monitoring

PEM-02-04 — Efficiency and Energy Related KPI Monitoring

PEM-02-05 — Operational and Maintenance Quality Monitoring

PEM-02-06 — KPI Dashboard, Trend Analysis and Deviation Monitoring

📘 Heat Rate, Efficiency & Energy Accounting

PEM-03-01 — Heat Rate and Thermal Efficiency Fundamentals

PEM-03-02 — Gross and Net Station Heat Rate

PEM-03-03 — Boiler, Turbine Cycle and Unit Efficiency

PEM-03-04 — Fuel and Electrical Energy Accounting

PEM-03-05 — Heat Rate Correction and Normalization

PEM-03-06 — Unit Energy Balance and Loss Identification

📘 Boiler, Turbine & Major Equipment Performance Monitoring

PEM-04-01 — Boiler Performance and Efficiency Monitoring

PEM-04-02 — Turbine and Heat Cycle Performance Monitoring

PEM-04-03 — Condenser Performance and Vacuum Deviation Analysis

PEM-04-04 — Feedwater Heater and Regenerative Cycle Performance

PEM-04-05 — Major Auxiliary Equipment Performance Monitoring

PEM-04-06 — Equipment Performance Degradation and Trend Analysis

📘 Auxiliary Power Consumption & Energy Optimization

PEM-05-01 — Auxiliary Power Consumption - Fundamentals and Significance

PEM-05-02 — Major Auxiliary Power Consumers and Energy Breakdown

PEM-05-03 — Energy Performance of Pumps, Fans, Mills and Compressors

PEM-05-04 — Auxiliary Equipment Loading and Operational Optimization

PEM-05-05 — Auxiliary Energy Loss Identification and Reduction

PEM-05-06 — APC Monitoring, Target Setting and Improvement

📘 Operational Efficiency, Loss Analysis & Performance Improvement

PEM-06-01 — Operational Losses and Efficiency Deviation

PEM-06-02 — Part-Load Operation and Efficiency Impact

PEM-06-03 — Key Operating Parameter Deviations and Efficiency Losses

PEM-06-04 — Startup, Shutdown and Cycling Energy Losses

PEM-06-05 — Performance Loss Analysis and Root Cause Identification

PEM-06-06 — Operational Efficiency Improvement Action Plan

📘 Performance Testing, Data Analysis & Benchmarking

PEM-07-01 — Performance Test Planning and Methodology

PEM-07-02 — Test Instrumentation, Measurement Accuracy and Data Validation

PEM-07-03 — Boiler and Turbine Performance Testing

PEM-07-04 — Auxiliary Equipment Performance Testing

PEM-07-05 — Performance Data Analysis, Correction and Interpretation

PEM-07-06 — Performance Benchmarking and Gap Analysis

📘 Maintenance Planning, Scheduling & Work Management

PEM-08-01 — Maintenance Planning and Scheduling Fundamentals

PEM-08-02 — Maintenance Notification and Work Order Management

PEM-08-03 — Job Planning, Resource Estimation and Material Planning

PEM-08-04 — Daily, Weekly and Shutdown Maintenance Scheduling

PEM-08-05 — Maintenance Backlog, Priority and Equipment Criticality

PEM-08-06 — Work Execution, Feedback, Closure and Schedule Compliance

PEM-08-07 — Shutdown and Outage Planning & Coordination

PEM-08-08 — Maintenance Planning KPIs and Work Management Review

📘 Preventive, Predictive & Condition-Based Maintenance Strategy

PEM-09-01 — Maintenance Strategies and Selection Philosophy

PEM-09-02 — Preventive Maintenance Program and Periodicity

PEM-09-03 — Vibration Monitoring and Condition Assessment

PEM-09-04 — Thermography and Thermal Condition Monitoring

PEM-09-05 — Oil Analysis and Lubrication Condition Monitoring

PEM-09-06 — Condition-Based Maintenance Decision and Intervention

PEM-09-07 — Equipment History and Failure Trend Analysis

PEM-09-08 — Maintenance Strategy Review and Optimization

📘 Quality Management, Inspection & Maintenance Quality Control

PEM-10-01 — Quality Management Fundamentals in Power Plant O&M

PEM-10-02 — Maintenance Quality Planning and Inspection

PEM-10-03 — Inspection Checkpoints, Hold Points and Acceptance Criteria

PEM-10-04 — Workmanship Quality and Installation Verification

PEM-10-05 — Material Quality, Certification and Traceability

PEM-10-06 — Non-Conformance, Root Cause and Corrective Action

PEM-10-07 — Post-Maintenance Quality Verification and Acceptance

PEM-10-08 — Quality Records, Audit and Continual Improvement

📘 Energy Management, PAT Cycle, ESCerts & Regulatory Framework

PEM-11-01 — Energy Management Fundamentals for Thermal Power Plants

PEM-11-02 — Designated Consumers and Energy Management Responsibilities

PEM-11-03 — Perform, Achieve and Trade (PAT) Scheme and PAT Cycle

PEM-11-04 — Specific Energy Consumption, Baseline and Target Setting

PEM-11-05 — Measurement & Verification of Energy Performance

PEM-11-06 — ESCerts - Energy Saving Certificates

PEM-11-07 — Energy Audit and Energy Conservation Opportunities

PEM-11-08 — PAT Compliance, Documentation and Reporting

📘 Performance Review, Reliability, Improvement Planning & Management Reporting

PEM-12-01 — Plant Performance Review Framework

PEM-12-02 — Reliability, Availability and Forced Outage Indicators

PEM-12-03 — Recurring Problem Analysis and Root Cause Review

PEM-12-04 — Performance and Reliability Improvement Planning

PEM-12-05 — Improvement Action Tracking and Closure

PEM-12-06 — Management Dashboard and Performance Reporting

PEM-12-07 — Benchmarking, Best Practices and Knowledge Sharing

PEM-12-08 — Continual Performance Improvement and Cross-Functional Review

📘 Power Plant Fundamentals

PPF-01-01 — Types of Power Plants

PPF-01-02 — Basic working principle of a coal-fired thermal power plant

PPF-01-03 — Layout of thermal power plant

PPF-01-04 — Rankine cycle basics

PPF-01-05 — Heat rate & efficiency

PPF-01-06 — Boiler, Turbine, Generator overview

PPF-01-07 — Energy flow diagram

📘 Indian Power Market

PSM-01-01 — Overview of Indian Power Sector and Electricity Market

PSM-01-02 — Structure of Generation, Transmission and Distribution

PSM-01-03 — Key Participants in the Indian Electricity Market

PSM-01-04 — Long-Term, Medium-Term and Short-Term Power Markets

PSM-01-05 — Power Exchanges in India

PSM-01-06 — Day Ahead Market (DAM)

PSM-01-07 — Real Time Market (RTM)

PSM-01-08 — Electricity Pricing and Market Clearing

PSM-01-09 — Tariff Structure and Charges

PSM-01-10 — Open Access

PSM-01-11 — Renewable Energy Market and REC

PSM-01-12 — Ancillary Services and Grid Support

PSM-01-13 — Transmission Congestion and Market Operation

PSM-01-14 — Challenges in the Indian Power Market

PSM-01-15 — Future Trends: MBED, Storage and Smart Grid

PSM-01-16 — Practical Engineer Perspective on Power Market

📘 Industrial Safety Fundamentals & Safety Management

SAF-01-01 — Industrial Safety Fundamentals and Safety Culture

SAF-01-02 — Unsafe Acts, Unsafe Conditions and Accident Causes

SAF-01-03 — Hazard Identification and Hierarchy of Controls

SAF-01-04 — Safety Roles, Responsibilities and Accountability

SAF-01-05 — Toolbox Talk, Safety Communication and Worksite Briefing

SAF-01-06 — Safety Signs, Barricading and Access Control

SAF-01-07 — Industrial Housekeeping and Safe Workplace Practices

SAF-01-08 — Safety Observation, Reporting and Improvement

📘 Permit-to-Work, LOTO & Energy Isolation

SAF-02-01 — Permit-to-Work System - Purpose, Types and Responsibilities

SAF-02-02 — Hazardous Energy Sources and Isolation Planning

SAF-02-03 — Lockout-Tagout (LOTO) Principles and Practice

SAF-02-04 — Electrical, Mechanical and Process Energy Isolation

SAF-02-05 — Positive Isolation, Blanking and Double Block & Bleed

SAF-02-06 — Zero-Energy Verification and Safe Work Confirmation

SAF-02-07 — Permit Suspension, Extension, Handover and Closure

SAF-02-08 — Restoration, De-Isolation and Return-to-Service

📘 Electrical Safety & Safe Switching Practices

SAF-03-01 — Electrical Shock, Arc Flash and Arc Blast Hazards

SAF-03-02 — Electrical Approach Distances and Safe Work Boundaries

SAF-03-03 — Electrical Isolation, Discharge and Earthing

SAF-03-04 — Safe Electrical Switching and Switching Authorization

SAF-03-05 — Test-for-Dead, Voltage Detection and Verification

SAF-03-06 — Electrical Earthing and Temporary Earth Application

SAF-03-07 — Electrical PPE, Insulated Tools and Safety Equipment

SAF-03-08 — Electrical Accident Response and Rescue

📘 Mechanical Safety & Rotating Equipment Hazards

SAF-04-01 — Mechanical and Rotating Equipment Hazards

SAF-04-02 — Machine Guarding and Safe Access

SAF-04-03 — Stored Mechanical Energy and Release Hazards

SAF-04-04 — Safe Maintenance of Rotating Equipment

SAF-04-05 — Hand Tool, Portable Tool and Workshop Safety

SAF-04-06 — Grinding, Cutting and Mechanical Hot-Work Safety

SAF-04-07 — Pressurized Equipment and Stored-Pressure Safety

SAF-04-08 — Mechanical Work Preparation and Safe Restoration

📘 Confined Space, Vessel Entry & Gas Testing

SAF-05-01 — Confined Space Identification and Hazards

SAF-05-02 — Atmospheric Hazards in Confined Spaces

SAF-05-03 — Gas Testing Equipment and Atmospheric Testing

SAF-05-04 — Confined Space Ventilation and Atmospheric Control

SAF-05-05 — Confined Space Permit, Entrant and Attendant Responsibilities

SAF-05-06 — Isolation and Preparation for Vessel Entry

SAF-05-07 — Communication, Standby and Rescue Preparedness

SAF-05-08 — Confined Space Emergency and Rescue

📘 Working at Height, Scaffolding & Fall Protection

SAF-06-01 — Working at Height - Hazards and Control Measures

SAF-06-02 — Scaffolding Components and Safe Construction

SAF-06-03 — Scaffold Inspection, Tagging and Safe Use

SAF-06-04 — Full-Body Harness, Lifeline and Anchorage

SAF-06-05 — Fall Arrest and Fall Restraint Systems

SAF-06-06 — Ladder Safety and Temporary Access

SAF-06-07 — Dropped Object Prevention and Barricading

SAF-06-08 — Work-at-Height Rescue and Emergency Planning

📘 Lifting, Rigging, Material Handling & Crane Safety

SAF-07-01 — Lifting Safety Fundamentals and Hazard Identification

SAF-07-02 — Slings, Shackles, Hooks and Lifting Accessories

SAF-07-03 — SWL, Identification and Inspection of Lifting Gear

SAF-07-04 — Crane Safety and Lifting Team Coordination

SAF-07-05 — Lifting Plan and Critical Lift Preparation

SAF-07-06 — Load Balance, Center of Gravity and Rigging Practice

SAF-07-07 — Manual Material Handling and Ergonomic Safety

SAF-07-08 — Lifting Incidents, Failure Modes and Prevention

📘 Fire Prevention, Fire Fighting & Explosion Safety

SAF-08-01 — Fire Fundamentals and Fire Behaviour

SAF-08-02 — Fire Classes and Extinguishing Media

SAF-08-03 — Portable Fire Extinguishers - Selection and Use

SAF-08-04 — Fixed Fire Fighting Systems and Hydrants

SAF-08-05 — Coal, Oil, Cable and Electrical Fire Hazards

SAF-08-06 — Hot Work Permit, Fire Watch and Fire Prevention

SAF-08-07 — Explosion Hazards and Combustible Dust Safety

SAF-08-08 — Fire Emergency Response and Evacuation

📘 Chemical Safety, Hazardous Materials & SDS

SAF-09-01 — Chemical Hazards and Routes of Exposure

SAF-09-02 — Chemical Labels and Safety Data Sheets (SDS)

SAF-09-03 — Chemical Storage, Segregation and Compatibility

SAF-09-04 — Chemical Handling, Transfer and Dosing Safety

SAF-09-05 — Chemical PPE, Safety Shower and Eyewash

SAF-09-06 — Chemical Spill Response and Containment

SAF-09-07 — Compressed Gas Cylinder Handling and Safety

SAF-09-08 — Chemical Exposure and Emergency Response

📘 PPE, Occupational Health & First Aid

SAF-10-01 — PPE Selection, Use and Limitations

SAF-10-02 — Head, Eye, Face, Hand and Foot Protection

SAF-10-03 — Respiratory and Hearing Protection

SAF-10-04 — Occupational Health Hazards in Power Plants

SAF-10-05 — First Aid Fundamentals and Initial Assessment

SAF-10-06 — First Aid for Bleeding, Burns and Fractures

SAF-10-07 — CPR and Basic Life Support Awareness

SAF-10-08 — Casualty Handling and Medical Emergency Response

📘 Emergency Response, Disaster Management & Evacuation

SAF-11-01 — Emergency Preparedness and Emergency Organization

SAF-11-02 — Emergency Alarm, Communication and Notification

SAF-11-03 — Evacuation, Assembly Points and Personnel Accountability

SAF-11-04 — Response to Fire, Explosion and Major Plant Emergencies

SAF-11-05 — Chemical Release and Hazardous Material Emergency

SAF-11-06 — Rescue Team, Emergency Equipment and Resource Mobilization

SAF-11-07 — Emergency Drills and Preparedness Assessment

SAF-11-08 — Post-Emergency Recovery, Reporting and Lessons Learned

📘 Accident Investigation, Risk Assessment & Safety Audit

SAF-12-01 — Incident, Accident and Near-Miss Classification

SAF-12-02 — Accident Reporting and Evidence Preservation

SAF-12-03 — Accident Investigation and Root Cause Analysis

SAF-12-04 — Job Safety Analysis and Hazard Identification

SAF-12-05 — Risk Assessment, Likelihood and Severity Evaluation

SAF-12-06 — Safety Inspection and Safety Audit

SAF-12-07 — Corrective and Preventive Actions (CAPA)

SAF-12-08 — Safety Performance Indicators and Continual Improvement

📘 Switchyard Fundamentals and Single Line Diagram

SWYD-01-01 — Electrical Substation: Functions, Types and Major Equipment

SWYD-01-02 — Purpose and function of a switchyard

SWYD-01-03 — Transmission voltage levels and grid interconnection

SWYD-01-04 — Incoming and outgoing feeders

SWYD-01-05 — Meaning of bay in a switchyard

SWYD-01-06 — Feeder bay and transformer bay

SWYD-01-07 — Bus coupler and bus sectionaliser

SWYD-01-08 — Typical switchyard single line diagram

SWYD-01-09 — Identification of switchyard equipment from SLD

SWYD-01-10 — Power flow from generator transformer to transmission line

SWYD-01-11 — EHV Overhead Conductors: ACSR, Bundled and HTLS Conductors

SWYD-01-12 — Switchgear Inspection and Routine Maintenance

📘 Busbar and Bus Schemes

SWYD-02-01 — Busbar: Purpose, Arrangement and Basic Operation

SWYD-02-02 — Purpose and function of busbars

SWYD-02-03 — Single-bus arrangement

SWYD-02-04 — Sectionalised single-bus arrangement

SWYD-02-05 — Main and transfer bus scheme

SWYD-02-06 — Double-bus arrangement

SWYD-02-07 — Double-bus double-breaker scheme

SWYD-02-08 — Ring-bus arrangement

SWYD-02-09 — Breaker-and-a-half scheme

SWYD-02-10 — Comparison of bus schemes for reliability and flexibility

📘 Circuit Breakers

SWYD-03-01 — Circuit Breakers: Overview, Types and Basic Operation

SWYD-03-02 — Purpose of a circuit breaker

SWYD-03-03 — Making current and breaking current

SWYD-03-04 — Arc formation and arc interruption

SWYD-03-05 — SF6 circuit breaker

SWYD-03-06 — Vacuum circuit breaker

SWYD-03-07 — Circuit-breaker operating mechanisms

SWYD-03-08 — Trip coil and close coil

SWYD-03-09 — Circuit-breaker trip and close circuits

SWYD-03-10 — Anti-pumping feature

SWYD-03-11 — Pole discrepancy protection

SWYD-03-12 — Breaker failure protection: introduction

SWYD-03-13 — Circuit-breaker timing and operational checks

SWYD-03-14 — Transient Recovery Voltage (TRV): introduction

📘 Isolators and Earthing Switches

SWYD-04-01 — Purpose and function of isolators

SWYD-04-02 — Difference between circuit breaker and isolator

SWYD-04-03 — Types of isolators

SWYD-04-04 — Purpose and operation of earthing switches

SWYD-04-05 — Circuit breaker, isolator and earth-switch operating sequence

SWYD-04-06 — Electrical and mechanical interlocking

SWYD-04-07 — Safety precautions during switchyard isolation

SWYD-04-08 — Typical bay interlocking philosophy

📘 Current and Voltage Transformers

SWYD-05-01 — Purpose of instrument transformers

SWYD-05-02 — Current Transformer (CT): working principle

SWYD-05-03 — CT ratio and secondary current

SWYD-05-04 — Protection CT and metering CT

SWYD-05-05 — CT burden and accuracy class

SWYD-05-06 — CT saturation: basic concept

SWYD-05-07 — CT secondary open-circuit hazard

SWYD-05-08 — Potential / Voltage Transformer (PT / VT)

SWYD-05-09 — Capacitive Voltage Transformer (CVT)

SWYD-05-10 — Use of CT, PT and CVT in protection and metering

SWYD-05-11 — CVT ferroresonance: introduction

📘 Surge Protection and Insulation Coordination

SWYD-06-01 — Sources of over-voltage in power systems

SWYD-06-02 — Lightning over-voltage

SWYD-06-03 — Switching over-voltage

SWYD-06-04 — Surge / lightning arrester

SWYD-06-05 — Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV) surge arrester: basic principle

SWYD-06-06 — Insulation coordination: introduction

SWYD-06-07 — Basic Insulation Level (BIL)

SWYD-06-08 — Shield wire and lightning protection of switchyard

SWYD-06-09 — Switchyard earthing grid and touch / step potential: introduction

📘 PLCC and Communication Equipment

SWYD-07-01 — Purpose of Power Line Carrier Communication (PLCC)

SWYD-07-02 — Principle of carrier communication over transmission lines

SWYD-07-03 — Wave trap / line trap

SWYD-07-04 — Coupling capacitor and CVT in PLCC

SWYD-07-05 — Line Matching Unit (LMU)

SWYD-07-06 — Carrier transmitter and receiver: introduction

SWYD-07-07 — Protection signalling through PLCC

SWYD-07-08 — Carrier-aided transmission-line protection: introduction

📘 Switchyard Protection

SWYD-08-01 — Protection zones and overlapping protection zones

SWYD-08-02 — Primary and backup protection

SWYD-08-03 — Transmission-line distance protection

SWYD-08-04 — Line differential protection

SWYD-08-05 — Busbar differential protection

SWYD-08-06 — Power-transformer differential protection

SWYD-08-07 — Restricted Earth Fault (REF) protection

SWYD-08-08 — Breaker failure / Local Breaker Backup protection

SWYD-08-09 — Auto-reclosing of transmission lines

SWYD-08-10 — Main-I and Main-II protection philosophy

SWYD-08-11 — Protection relay trip circuit and circuit-breaker operation

SWYD-08-12 — Trip circuit supervision

SWYD-08-13 — Switchyard fault sequence: detection, tripping and isolation

SWYD-08-14 — Protective Relays: Principles, Types and Applications

📘 Steam Turbine Fundamentals

TURB-01-01 — Introduction to Steam Turbine

TURB-01-02 — Principle of Steam Turbine Operation

TURB-01-03 — Classification and Types of Steam Turbines

TURB-01-04 — Impulse and Reaction Turbines

TURB-01-05 — Rankine Cycle and Role of Steam Turbine

TURB-01-06 — Steam Expansion and Energy Conversion in Turbine

TURB-01-07 — HP, IP and LP Turbine Sections

TURB-01-08 — Turbine Rotor and Shaft

TURB-01-09 — Turbine Blades and Blade Arrangement

TURB-01-10 — Turbine Casing and Diaphragms

TURB-01-11 — Nozzles and Steam Flow Path

TURB-01-12 — Turbine Bearings - Overview

TURB-01-13 — Turbine Sealing and Gland System - Overview

TURB-01-14 — Turbine Critical Speed and Basic Rotor Dynamics

TURB-01-15 — Turbine Design and Operating Parameters

TURB-01-16 — Turbine-Generator Relationship

📘 Turbine Steam Admission & Governing System

TURB-02-01 — Introduction to Turbine Steam Admission System

TURB-02-02 — Main Steam and Reheat Steam Admission Path

TURB-02-03 — Main Stop Valve (MSV) - Construction and Function

TURB-02-04 — Control / Governing Valves - Construction and Function

TURB-02-05 — Reheat Stop and Interceptor Valves

TURB-02-06 — Steam Chest and Valve Arrangement

TURB-02-07 — Fundamentals of Steam Turbine Governing

TURB-02-08 — Speed Governing and Load Governing

TURB-02-09 — Mechanical-Hydraulic Governing - Basic Principle

TURB-02-10 — Electro-Hydraulic Governing System - Overview

TURB-02-11 — Turbine Speed Measurement and Speed Reference

TURB-02-12 — Governor Response to Grid Frequency Changes

TURB-02-13 — Valve Position, Steam Flow and Turbine Load Relationship

TURB-02-14 — Partial-Arc and Full-Arc Steam Admission

TURB-02-15 — Valve Testing and Operational Checks

TURB-02-16 — Common Steam Admission and Governing System Abnormalities

📘 Turbine Lubrication, Jacking Oil & Turning Gear System

TURB-03-01 — Introduction to Turbine Lubrication System

TURB-03-02 — Functions and Requirements of Turbine Lubricating Oil

TURB-03-03 — Main Oil Tank and Oil Circuit

TURB-03-04 — Main Oil Pump

TURB-03-05 — Auxiliary Oil Pump

TURB-03-06 — Emergency Oil Pump

TURB-03-07 — Oil Coolers and Temperature Control

TURB-03-08 — Oil Filters, Strainers and Oil Cleanliness

TURB-03-09 — Bearing Lubrication and Oil Distribution

TURB-03-10 — Jacking Oil System

TURB-03-11 — Purpose and Operation of Turning Gear / Barring Gear

TURB-03-12 — Turning Gear Engagement and Disengagement

TURB-03-13 — Lubricating Oil Pressure Monitoring

TURB-03-14 — Oil Leakage, Contamination and Foaming

TURB-03-15 — Turbine Oil Purification and Conditioning

TURB-03-16 — Common Lubrication System Abnormalities

TURB-03-17 — Lubrication System Inspection and Maintenance

TURB-03-18 — Operational Checks of Lube Oil, Jacking Oil and Turning Gear Systems

📘 Condenser, Vacuum & Gland Steam System

TURB-04-01 — Condenser System - Overview and Layout

TURB-04-02 — Surface Condenser - Construction

TURB-04-03 — Surface Condenser - Working Principle

TURB-04-04 — Condenser Hotwell and Associated Arrangement

TURB-04-05 — Condenser Cooling Water Flow Arrangement

TURB-04-06 — Condenser Vacuum - Formation and Function

TURB-04-07 — Air Evacuation System - Construction and Function

TURB-04-08 — Steam Jet Air Ejector - Construction and Operation

TURB-04-09 — Vacuum Pump - Construction and Operation

TURB-04-10 — Condenser Startup and Vacuum Raising

TURB-04-11 — Condenser Operation and Performance Monitoring

TURB-04-12 — Air In-Leakage - Detection and Rectification

TURB-04-13 — Condenser Tube Leakage - Detection and Maintenance

TURB-04-14 — Condenser Inspection and Maintenance

TURB-04-15 — Turbine Gland Sealing System - Construction and Layout

TURB-04-16 — Gland Steam System - Functioning and Operation

TURB-04-17 — Gland Steam Condenser and Exhauster

TURB-04-18 — Gland Sealing System - Inspection and Maintenance

TURB-04-19 — Common Condenser, Vacuum & Gland System Problems

TURB-04-20 — Routine Operational & Maintenance Checks

📘 Feedwater Heating & Regenerative System

TURB-05-01 — Overview of Regenerative Feedwater Heating System

TURB-05-02 — Low Pressure Heaters - Construction, Functioning, Operation & Maintenance

TURB-05-03 — Deaerator - Construction, Functioning, Operation & Maintenance

TURB-05-04 — Boiler Feed Pump Turbine / Drive Interface

TURB-05-05 — High Pressure Heaters - Construction, Functioning, Operation & Maintenance

TURB-05-06 — Extraction Steam System and Heater Drain Arrangement

TURB-05-07 — Feedwater Heating System Startup, Operation & Monitoring

TURB-05-08 — Common Abnormalities, Isolation and Maintenance of Feedwater Heaters

📘 Condensate System & Condensate Extraction Pumps

TURB-06-01 — Condensate System - Overview, Layout and Flow Path

TURB-06-02 — Condensate Extraction Pump - Construction, Functioning, Operation & Maintenance

TURB-06-03 — CEP Suction, NPSH, Cavitation and Minimum Flow

TURB-06-04 — Condensate Piping, Valves and Recirculation System

TURB-06-05 — Condensate Polishing and Associated System Interface

TURB-06-06 — Condensate System Startup, Operation and Monitoring

TURB-06-07 — Common CEP and Condensate System Abnormalities & Troubleshooting

TURB-06-08 — Condensate System Inspection, Maintenance and Readiness Checks

📘 Boiler Feed Pump & Drive System

TURB-07-01 — Boiler Feed Pump System - Overview and Layout

TURB-07-02 — Boiler Feed Pump - Construction, Functioning, Operation & Maintenance

TURB-07-03 — Booster Pump - Construction, Functioning & Operation

TURB-07-04 — BFP Drives - Motor Drive and Boiler Feed Pump Turbine

TURB-07-05 — BFP Bearings, Seals, Balancing and Lubrication System

TURB-07-06 — BFP Minimum Flow, Recirculation and Operating Control

TURB-07-07 — Common BFP Abnormalities and Troubleshooting

TURB-07-08 — BFP Inspection, Maintenance and Operational Checks

📘 Turbine Bearings, Shafting & Rotor System

TURB-08-01 — Turbine Rotor, Shafting and Bearing Arrangement

TURB-08-02 — Journal Bearings - Construction, Functioning, Operation & Maintenance

TURB-08-03 — Thrust Bearing and Axial Position Control

TURB-08-04 — Turbine Rotor, Shaft and Couplings

TURB-08-05 — Shaft Alignment, Bearing Elevation and Clearances

TURB-08-06 — Rotor Vibration, Eccentricity, Expansion and Axial Shift

TURB-08-07 — Bearing and Rotor System Abnormalities & Troubleshooting

TURB-08-08 — Bearing, Rotor and Shafting Inspection & Maintenance

📘 Turbine Maintenance, Inspection & Overhauling

TURB-09-01 — Turbine Maintenance Philosophy and Overhaul Planning

TURB-09-02 — Turbine Isolation, Casing Opening and Assembly Practices

TURB-09-03 — Rotor, Blade, Diaphragm and Internal Component Inspection

TURB-09-04 — Turbine Clearances, Alignment and Dimensional Checks

TURB-09-05 — Bearing, Coupling and Shafting Maintenance

TURB-09-06 — NDT and Condition Assessment of Turbine Components

TURB-09-07 — Turbine Major Overhaul - Sequence, Quality Control and Documentation

TURB-09-08 — Post-Overhaul Checks, Restoration and Turbine Readiness

📘 Turbine Operational Monitoring & Troubleshooting

TURB-10-01 — Turbine Operating Parameters and Routine Monitoring

TURB-10-02 — Bearing, Vibration, Axial Shift and Expansion Monitoring

TURB-10-03 — Steam Conditions, Valve Position and Mechanical Load Monitoring

TURB-10-04 — Turbine Vibration - Causes, Diagnosis and Corrective Actions

TURB-10-05 — Bearing Temperature and Lubrication Related Troubleshooting

TURB-10-06 — Turbine Auxiliary System Abnormalities and Troubleshooting

TURB-10-07 — Systematic Turbine Troubleshooting and Fault Diagnosis

TURB-10-08 — Routine Field Checks, Defect Reporting and O&M Coordination

📚 Power Plant Industrial Training Modules